Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 17، number In Volume 3، June 2024 ، issue Number 97

Grammatical and rhetorical methods of description (simile and metaphorical images) in the poems of Amiri Firouzkohi

Farzaneh Shahroudi , Hossein Hajizadeh (Author in Charge), Zhila Sarati

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Description is a type of linguistic action that can be present and manifested in many discourses, including poetry. The external features and characteristics of the description provide the possibility that the poet can use the descriptive sentences well in his poem. The main goal of this essay is to show the types of grammatical and rhetorical descriptions in the poems of Amiri Firouzkohi.

METHODOLOGY: This essay is a report of a fundamental, theoretical and documentary analysis of a descriptive-analytical approach based on library studies. In this research, an effort has been made to cite and analyze sufficient evidence and examples of Amiri Firouzkohi"s poems.

FINDINGS: In the poems of Amiri Firouzkohi, we are faced with various descriptions of the conditions of the surrounding society, social situation, poet"s mood, description of friends and relatives, along with descriptive rhetorical and grammatical sentences. The poet has used such descriptions not only to decorate words, but also to make them artistic.

CONCLUSION: Among the types of descriptive statements, Amiri Firouzkohi has paid more attention to the description of abstract things such as grief, sorrow, pain and pain of illness, the death of loved ones, the memory of friends and companions and their loss, rather than the description of nature. Among descriptive matters of the grammatical type, the use of adjectives, relative clauses and adverbs in the position of description is of interest to the poet, and among the two main rhetorical functions of simile and metaphor, the poet pays more attention to detailed, emphatic, eloquent simile and tangible to tangible simile. Metaphor is not an important characteristic of the poet"s poems.

Keyword
Amiri Firouzkohi , Rhetoric description order an ode.

• Ahmadi Shikhler. Ahmad (2019). Description and its types based on the theory of description based on Naftha al-Masdoor Shahabuddin Mohammad Zaydari Nesavi. Literary criticism and theory. fifth year Vol. 10. pp. 33-5.
• Sales,akhanan(1369). The heresies and innovations of Nima Yoshij. Tehran: Bozormehr, p. 87.
• Amiri Firouzkohi. Karim (1369). Diwan Try it, Amirbanu Karimi. The second volume. Tehran: Sokhn.
• Babai. Parvez (2012). Philosophical schools. Tehran: Negah, p. 707.
• Barahni. Reza (1373). gold in copper 3 volumes. Tehran: Author, pp. 115-119.
• Basirzadeh. Elham et al. (2011). Examining its description and prominent functions in the novel. literature study Number 19. pp. 77-103.
• Bornovf. Rolan (1378). The world of the novel. Translation: Nazila Khalkhali. Tehran: pp. 145-146.
• Rezvanian. Qudsiyeh and Ahmadi Shikhler. Ahmad (2016). Description in the story of Rostam and Sohrab. Persian Language and Literature Research Quarterly. No. 44. pp. 1-36.
• Shafi'i Kadkani. Mohammad Reza (1375). Sorkhayal in Persian poetry. Tehran: Negah, pp. 14-16 - 112-18-72.
• ...................................... (1380). Periods of Persian poetry. Tehran: Sokhn, p. 150.
• Shamisa. Cyrus (1370). Expression. Tehran: Ferdous, p. 18.
• Fotohi roodmojeni. Mahmoud (1384). Classic image. Art Quarterly. No. 64, pp. 21-30.
• ...................................... (1386). Image rhetoric. Tehran: Sokhon, pp. 69-70-71.
• ...................................... (2013). Stylistics; Theories, approaches and methods, Tehran: Sokhn, p. 32.
• Lajevardizadeh.shabnam,hesaraki, Mohammad Reza (2016). Rhetorical and grammatical tools of description in Saadi Shirazi's sonnets. The scientific-specialized quarterly of lyrical language and literature studies. seventh year No. 24. pp. 25-36.
• Mohammadi. Abbas (1380). Secrets of creating a literary masterpiece. Mashhad: Press of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, p. 121.
• Mirsadeghi. Jamal (1387). Story writing guide. Tehran: Sokhn, p. 282.
• Harland. Richard (1388). A historical introduction to literary theory from Plato to Barthes. Group of translators. Third edition. Tehran: Cheshmeh, p. 98.
• Yahaghi. Mohammad Jaafar (1378). Stream of Moments: Contemporary Persian Literature (Rhyme and Prose). Tehran: Jami, p. 12.
• Yoshij. Nima (1368). letters. Try it Sirus Tahbaz. Tehran: Journals, p. 589.20